References

We searched books, Internet sites, blogs, and newspapers to find the information blurbs accompanying each typewriter brand and model in our collection. Where significant or unique information was provided, we acknowledged the source directly in the blurb. Below you will find a comprehensive list of sources for all factoids. A hearty thank you goes out to all these individuals and organizations who spent time researching and posting information to share with the public.

If you would like to know where we found a specific piece of information, please contact us.

Adams, M. Type-Writer.org [Blog]. Retrieved from https://type-writer.org/

Adler, M., (1997). Antique Typewriters From Creed to QWERTY. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.

Ancestry. (2019). Newspapers.com. Retrieved from https://www.newspapers.com

Artclocknl. (2012-2019). Artclocknl. Retrieved from www.artclock.nl

Auctions Online USA Ltd. (2007-2019). CW: Collector's Weekly. Retrieved from https://www.collectorsweekly.com/

Best, E. M. (ed.) (1923, October). Typewriter Topics, the International Office Equipment Magazine (Vol. 55, No. 2). New York, NY: Business Equipment Publishing Company.

Betzwieser, A. Kleine Ausstellung "Historische Bürotechnik" [Blog]. Retrieved from http://stb-betzwieser.de/aktuelles/ausstellung/kategorien-1/index.php

Betzwieser, A. (n. d.). Schreibmaschinen (Typewriters). Retrieved from http://www.typewritercentury.com

Bodemer, N. (Various). Bodemer Typewriter Collection. Retrieved from http://bodemertypewriter.blogspot.com/

Casillo, A. (2017). Typewriters: Iconic Machines from the Golden Age of Mechanical Writing. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.

Davis, W. Davis Typewriter Works [Blog]. Retrieved from http://davistypewriters.blogspot.com

Davis, W. (n. d.). Typewriters by Will Davis. Retrieved from http://www.willdavis.org

ETCetera, the newsletter of the Early Typewriter Collectors' Association, Retrieved from https://etconline.org/

Europeana. (n. d.). Europeana Collections. Retrieved from https://www.europeana.eu

Finnish Business School Foundation (Suomen Liikemiesten Kauppaopiston Säätiö). (2017). Typewriter Museum. Retrieved from https://typewriter.slk.fi/

Fudacz, G. (n. d.). The Antikey Chop. Retrieved from https://www.antikeychop.com

Google. (n. d.). Google Patents. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/

Hossfield, G. L. (1958). The History of the Typewriter. New York, NY: Underwood Corporation.

Internationales Forum Historische Burowelt e. V. (n. d.). I.F.H.B. Retrieved from https://ifhb.de

Keereo.Com. (n.d.). Keereo.Com. Retrieved from https://keereo.com/companies/royal-typewriter-company

Messenger, R. ozTypewriter: The Wonderful World of Typewriters [Blog]. Retrieved from https://oztypewriter.blogspot.com

Metropolitan Museum of Art, The. (2000-2019). The Met. Retrieved from https://www.metmuseum.org

Milton, R. (2003-2016). Portable Typewriters. Retrieved from http://www.portabletypewriters.co.uk

Miscellaneous Advertisements

Morton, J. (2018). The Oliver Typewriter. Retrieved from https://olivertypewriters.com

Munk, T. (2019). The Typewriter Database. Retrieved from http://www.typewriterdatabase.com

Music Printing History. (2019). Music Printing History. Retrieved from https://musicprintinghistory.org

Oden, C. V. (1917). Evolution of the Typewriter. The Library of Congress.

Oliver, M. & Oliver, R. (1998-2019). Antique Clocks Guy. Retrieved from www.clockguy.com

Polt, R. (1995-2019). The Classic Typewriter Page. Retrieved from https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/

Popular Mechanics magazine

Popular Science Monthly magazine

Robert, P. (2001-2016). The Virtual Typewriter Museum. Retrieved from https://www.typewritermuseum.org/

Rompuy, W. V. & Perard, G. (n. d.). Typewriter.BE Retrieved from https://www.typewriter.be

Russo, T. A. (2002). Mechanical Typewriters: Their History, Value, and Legacy. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.

Sears, Roebuck, & Co. (1896-1993). Sears Roebuck Catalogs (Vols. 102-228 K.). Chicago, Illinois: Sears, Roebuck and Co.

Smithsonian, National Museum of American History. (n. d.). Retrieved from https://americanhistory.si.edu/

Sommeregger, G. Schreibmaschinen [Blog]. Retrieved from https://typewriters.ch/

Stamford Historical Society Inc., The. (2019). The Stamford Historical Society Inc. Retrieved from http://www.stamfordhistory.org

Steve Perry Creative. (2011, October 30). The Triumph Bicycle Museum. Retrieved from https://triumphbicycles.wordpress.com/1919-triumph-1st-pattern-model-1-typewriter/

Trade Catalogs Courtesy of the Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collection

Unknown. (n. d.). All Things Typewriter. Retrieved from https://www.allthingstypewriter.com

Various. (various). Trade Literature from the Typewriter Gazette Collection. Retrieved from https://www.typewritergazette.com/trade-literature

Various. (n. d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://www.wikipedia.org

Wyckoff, Seamans, & Benedict. (c. 1900). The Remington Standard Typewriter. New York, NY: Wyckoff, Seamans, & Benedict. Retrieved from https://digital.hagley.org