Justin Wilhelm Bamberger started his own companies in Munich, Germany, beginning in 1902 with an import/ export business for American office furnishings. In 1908, his small machine works or Deutsches Schreibmaschinenwerke, started manufacturing his inventions, the Helios typewriter and the Liliput Index. Later, manufacturing was moved to Helios Schreibmaschinen GmbH, which was a subsidiary of the company that made the Kanzler, Kanzler Schreibmaschinen A. G., and for which Justin Bamberger was listed as a director until 1910. Starting in 1914, the machine was manufactured under the name Helios Klimax by A. Ney. According to www.rechnerlexikon.de, Mr. Bamberger patented several inventions of office equipment, including a fountain pen, the Omega calculator, and the Ideal calculator.